ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the eggs of the native-Turkish Atak-S (A-S) hybrid and the foreign brown layer Isa Brown (IB) and white layer Novogen White (NW) hybrids reared in two different cage densities (468.75 cm2/hen and 312.50 cm2/hen) in terms of the internal and external quality parameters of the eggs. A total of 540 hens including 180 from each genotype were used. To determine the egg quality characteristics, one randomly selected egg was taken out of each cage every 4 weeks in the yield period of 24-68 weeks, and analysis were carried out. A total of 648 eggs were used. In the study, the effect of genotype on all parameters was found to be significant. The shell thickness, Haugh unit and albumen index were lower in the Atak-S hybrid. In the white laying hens, the Haugh unit, albumen index and eggshell destruction strength values were higher, while the meat and blood spots and yolk color values were lower. Cage density did not create a significant effect on any parameter except for the blood and meat spot ratio. Age has a significant effect on the egg weight, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index. Consequently, as the native hybrid had similar destruction strength values to the others despite its lower shell thickness, and it had a Haugh unit showing good quality based on the food codex despite lower values than the others, it was concluded that it could compete with the foreign hybrids in terms of egg quality.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the eggs of the native-Turkish Atak-S (A-S) hybrid and the foreign brown layer Isa Brown (IB) and white layer Novogen White (NW) hybrids reared in two different cage densities (468.75 cm2/hen and 312.50 cm2/hen) in terms of the internal and external quality parameters of the eggs. A total of 540 hens including 180 from each genotype were used. To determine the egg quality characteristics, one randomly selected egg was taken out of each cage every 4 weeks in the yield period of 24-68 weeks, and analysis were carried out. A total of 648 eggs were used. In the study, the effect of genotype on all parameters was found to be significant. The shell thickness, Haugh unit and albumen index were lower in the Atak-S hybrid. In the white laying hens, the Haugh unit, albumen index and eggshell destruction strength values were higher, while the meat and blood spots and yolk color values were lower. Cage density did not create a significant effect on any parameter except for the blood and meat spot ratio. Age has a significant effect on the egg weight, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index. Consequently, as the native hybrid had similar destruction strength values to the others despite its lower shell thickness, and it had a Haugh unit showing good quality based on the food codex despite lower values than the others, it was concluded that it could compete with the foreign hybrids in terms of egg quality.

In the last 20 years, rapid and significant developments have occurred in communication and information technologies. In parallel with these developments, the importance of smartphones has increased. In addition, many smartphone manufacturers have launched and continue to launch a number of new models with many features. People who want to buy a new smartphone have difficulties selecting the best smartphone among the numerous models available on the technology markets. Therefore, smartphone selection has become a complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem for people. Hence, decision-making processes will be facilitated by using MCDM methods, and these will provide the most appropriate decision. In this paper, the best smartphone among the 28 alternatives determined by the person who will buy them are selected by using three main criteria and 17 sub-criteria with the help of a two-phased MCDM approach. In the first phase, 28 smartphone alternatives are ranked using the analytic network process (ANP). In the second phase, a model that includes the best four alternatives of ANP is created. Afterwards, the best smartphone is selected using the generalised Choquet integral (GCI) method according to this model. Finally, the findings and the results are given.

Gedurende die afgelope twintig jaar het daar vinnige en noemenswaardige ontwikkeling in die kommunikasie en informasie tegnologie geskied. In parallel hiermee het die belangrikheid van slimtelefone toegeneem. Daarmee saam stel slimtelefoon-vervaardigers gereeld nuwe modelle met nuwe funksies vry. Dit is dus moeilik vir 'n potensiële kliënt om die beste seleksie uit die groot verskeidenheid tot hul beskikking te maak. Slimtelefoonseleksie is 'n ingewikkelde multi-kriteria besluitnemingsprobleem. Die besluitnemingsproses word dus gefasiliteer deur gebruik te maak van multi-kriteria besluitnemingsmetodes. Hierdie artikel bepaal die beste slimtelefoon vanuit agt-en-twintig alternatiewe deur gebruik te maak van drie hoof kriteria en sewentien subkriteria met die hulp van 'n twee-ledige multi-kriteria besluitnemingsbenadering. Eerstens word die agt-en-twintig alternatiewe met behulp van die analitiese netwerk proses gerangskik en daaruit word 'n model, wat uit die vier beste alternatiewe bestaan, geskep. Laastens word die beste slimtelefoon gekies deur die veralgemeende Choquet integraal metode op die model toe te pas.

A firm's multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process is important because of its need to select and work with various suppliers. The process identifies the problems associated with selecting the supplier, , determining convenient criteria, expressing interactions clearly, and usage. These are all suitable methods for finding a solution to these MCDM problems. Considering more than one criterion (and even the sub-criteria of these criteria) during supplier selection makes the selection uncertain. Conventional methods cannot generate a realistic solution to the problem. Using MCDM methods considerably simplifies solving the problem, and enables decision-makers to make better decisions. In this study, a literature review was performed on MCDM methods used between 2001 and 2014 for the supplier selection problem. MCDM methods used in supplier selection are categorised into three main methods, and a summary table of the reviewed studies is presented.

'n Firma se multi-maatstaf besluitnemingsproses is belangrik as gevolg van die behoefte om verskeie verskaffers te kies en dan mee saam te werk. Die proses identifiseer die probleme geassosieer met die kies van die verskaffer, die bepaling van gerieflike kriteria, en wat die duidelike uitdruk van interaksies en die gebruik daarvan, insluit. Hierdie is almal gepaste metodes vir die vind van 'n oplossing tot hierdie multi-maatstaf besluitnemingsproses probleme. Die oorweging van meer as een maatstaf (en selfs die sub-maatstawwe van hierdie maatstaf) tydens verskaffer seleksie maak die seleksie onseker. Tradisionele metodes kan nie 'n realistiese oplossing tot die probleem genereer nie. Deur van multi-maatstaf besluit-nemingsprosesmetodes gerbuik te maak word die oplos van die probleem aansienlik vereenvoudig en dit stel besluitnemers in staat om die beter besluite te neem. 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen op multi-maatstaf besluitnemingsprosesmetodes gebruik vir die verskaffer seleksie probleem van 2001 tot 2014. Die metodes word in drie afdelings verdeel en 'n opsommende tabel van die studies word voorgehou.

The current trial was conducted to determine the influence of different raising systems on the meat quality properties of male Turkish Pekin ducks. Ninety male ducklings were randomly allocated to three experimental groups: an animal-fish integrated farming group (IG), a non-animal-fish integrated farming group (NIG) and a poultry house group (PHG). All ducklings were fed a starter diet from weeks 2 to 6 and a finisher diet from weeks 6 to 10. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. At the end of the trial all ducks were slaughtered and the carcasses were stored at 3 °C for 24 hours, after which L*, a* and b* values of the carcass skins were measured. After standard dissection of carcasses, pectoralis muscles were obtained on which pH, colour (L*, a*, b*, C and H), total aerobic mesophilic, total aerobic psychrotrophic, lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, yeast-mould and Enterobacteriaceae counts were determined. The different raising systems of the ducks had significant effects on the pH, total aerobic mesophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, and L* and b* values of the pectoralis muscle. The lowest pH, total aerobic mesophilic and Enterobacteriaceae counts were found in the PHG group. The lowest L* values for the pectoralis muscle were found in the IG group while the highest a* value was recorded in the IG group. Significant differences in skin colour were observed between the experimental groups. For all production groups, all microbial counts were found to be within acceptable ranges. However, pH, total aerobic mesophilic and Enterobacteriaceae results were found to be lower in the PHG group than in the other groups. Different raising systems were thus found to affect the meat and skin colour of ducks, which may influence the preference of consumers.